How Safe Navigation in the Black and Azov Seas Impacts Security in Europe

On October 19, Aspen Institute Italy Hosted the Third International Conference, “The Battle of Pavia and the Future of European Defense (1525–2025)”.

The conference took place in Pavia, at the Visconti Castle, with an option to join online.  

This year’s conference focused on issues related to the maritime sector, the right to safe navigation, and the maritime dimension of Russia’s war against Ukraine. Participants also discussed challenges facing the marine sphere in other regions, analyzing the roles of Italy, Europe, and NATO in addressing these issues.  

The Aspen Institute Kyiv nominated Ivan Nagornyak, Head of the European Integration Division at EasyBusiness and Associate Partner at CIVITTA, to participate in the conference. Mr. Ivan began his speech with a brief comparison:  

“Looking at historical parallels, the Battle of Pavia defined Europe’s geopolitical future for decades. Today, the future of Europe may be determined by battles near Vuhledar and Chasiv Yar. We cannot predict which battle will be decisive, but one thing is clear: for Russia, human life remains as ‘expendable’ as it was in the 16th century. It is our collective responsibility to secure victory in this war. That is why I call for more attention to Ukraine’s victory plan.”  

How the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) Has Evolved

Since the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, financial support provided through the European Peace Facility has reached €11.1 billion, Ivan Nagornyak emphasized:  

“A few years ago, such assistance seemed impossible. However, looking ahead, it is evident that this support must be maintained and expanded. It directly strengthens the Ukrainian army’s ability to defend our sovereignty and peace.”  

However, Ivan also pointed out that decision-making within the EU is becoming increasingly complicated. He noted that Hungary’s veto in the EU Council on defense, resource allocation, and sanctions against Russia hinders swift and effective crisis responses.  

“If we are serious about EU leadership in European security matters, we must reform voting procedures for emergencies. Despite the complexity of this task, it remains essential for the EU’s future. Such reforms would also positively impact the Union’s enlargement policy, which faces similar challenges.”  

The conference was organized by Aspen Institute Italy in collaboration with the Navy, the Municipality of Pavia, Intesa Sanpaolo, and the University of Pavia, with the support of Eni, Fondazione Banca del Monte di Lombardia, and Leonardo.  

Ukraine as a Partner and a Driver of Change in Europe

Ivan Nagornyak added that we are currently witnessing the revival of Europe’s defense industry, where Ukraine is a critical partner for the EU.  

“Ukraine offers new opportunities for cooperation, helping the EU reduce dependence on non-democratic states in arms production,” Nahorniak emphasized, highlighting the strategic necessity of strengthening Europe’s defense capabilities.  

In conclusion, he reminded the audience that the defense of Europe is primarily about safeguarding its future:  

“European leaders must recognize this and develop strategies that are not overly reliant on election outcomes in individual countries.”